Data Structures & Algorithms Primer

Memory model, Kotlin array types, core operations, sorting algorithms, and 15 algorithm patterns with visual diagrams, complexity tags, and hover explanations.

Immutability & memory, string pool, creation & comparison, transformation, splitting & joining, StringBuilder, regex, character arithmetic, and KMP/Rabin-Karp string matching.

HashMap concepts, hashing internals, collision resolution, Kotlin map types, core operations, sorted maps, frequency counting, two-sum, sliding window, caching, and LRU cache.

Set concepts, Kotlin set types, creation & mutation, set algebra (union, intersect, difference), sorted sets, duplicate detection, consecutive sequence, and first unique element.

Singly & doubly linked lists, sentinel nodes, fast/slow pointers, reversal, cycle detection, merge sorted lists, partition, rotate, k-group reverse, and LRU cache.

LIFO fundamentals, ArrayDeque, monotonic stacks, bracket matching, expression evaluation, histogram, rain water, DFS, tree traversals, and 19 algorithm patterns.

FIFO fundamentals, deques, priority queues (heaps), BFS, level-order traversal, monotonic deque, Dijkstra's, sliding window max/min, two-heap median, and 20 algorithm patterns.

Binary trees, BST operations & validation, AVL & Red-Black trees, all traversals, tries, segment trees, Fenwick trees, and 24 algorithm patterns.

Graph representations, BFS/DFS traversals, shortest paths (Dijkstra, Bellman-Ford, Floyd-Warshall), MSTs (Kruskal, Prim), Union-Find, topological sort, and 35 algorithm patterns.

Memoization vs tabulation, 1D & 2D DP, knapsack, LCS, edit distance, interval DP, bitmask DP, state machine patterns, and 30+ algorithm patterns.

Call stack, tail recursion, divide-and-conquer, memoization, backtracking templates, subsets, permutations, combinations, N-Queens, Sudoku, and 20+ patterns.

Asymptotic notation, all complexity classes from O(1) to O(n!), analyzing loops & recursion, Master Theorem, amortized analysis, practical limits, and Kotlin/JVM library complexities.